Code of Practice for Safe Use of Tower Cranes
Code of Practice for Safe Use of Tower Cranes
Code of Practice for Safe Use of Tower Cranes
فهرست:
Foreword………………………………………………………………. 1
1. Scope…………………………………………………………….…. 2
2. Definitions……………………………………………………..…. 3
3. Management of the Lifting Operation………………….. 5
3.1 Safe system of work……………………………………….. 5
3.2 Control of the lifting operation…………………..…….. 5
4. Planning of the Lifting Operation…………………..…… 6
5. Responsibilities/Requirements of Personnel…….….. 7
5.1 Owner responsibilities………………………………..…… 7
5.2 Tower crane operator……………………………………… 7
5.3 Slinger………………………………………………………….. 8
5.4 Signaller……………………………………………..………… 8
6. Selection of Tower Cranes………………………………… 9
6.1 General………………………………………………..………. 9
6.2 Types of tower cranes…………………….……………… 9
6.3 Operational characteristics……………………………… 17
7. Markings and Documentation……………………………. 19
7.1 Identification…………………………………….…………… 19
7.2 Safe working load charts…………………….………….. 19
7.3 Instruction manuals and log book……….…………… 19
8. Operation Features of Tower Cranes……………..…… 20
8.1 Automatic safe load indicator……………….………….. 20
8.2 Brakes…………………………………………………………… 20
8.3 Cabins for operators…………………………….………….. 20
8.4 Operating controls……………………………….………….. 21
8.5 Jib stops……………………………………………….………… 21
8.6 Guards and protective structures…………….………… 22
8.7 Electrical supply and equipment……………….……….. 22
8.8 Limiting switches……………………………………………… 23
CONTENTS
9. Siting of Tower Cranes……………………………………….. 25
9.1 General…………………………………………………..………. 25
9.2 Crane standing or supporting conditions……………… 25
9.3 Proximity hazards……………………………………….…….. 27
10.Erection and Dismantling……………………………………. 32
10.1 General precautions………………………………….…….. 32
10.2 Manufacturer’s instruction………………………………… 33
10.3 Identification of machine components………..……… 34
10.4 Provision of foundations, rail tracks and temporary roads…… 34
10.5 Installation of crane base of chassis and initial tower section 36
10.6 Erection of tower………………………………………..…… 38
10.7 Assembly and erection of counter jib………..……….. 38
10.8 Counterbalance and ballast weights…………………… 39
10.9 Assembly and erection of main jib……………….…….. 39
10.10 Attachment of load-radius indicators and jib angle indicators… 40
10.11 Check on completion of erection………………………. 41
10.12 Extending the height of a tower crane…………….… 42
10.13 Free-standing height and tying back……………..….. 44
10.14 Dismantling……………………………………………………. 46
11.Procedures and Precautions………………………………….. 47
11.1 Leaving the crane unattended…………………………….. 47
11.2 Routine Checks…………………………………………………. 49
11.3 Permit to work………………………………………………….. 51
11.4 Safe means of access…………………………………………. 52
12.Safe Working Loads and Operating Conditions…………. 53
12.1 Safe working loads……………………………………………… 53
12.2 Mode of operation and control…………………………….. 54
12.3 Handling of loads near persons……………………………. 57
12.4 Carrying of persons by crane………………………………. 57
12.5 Communication system……………………………………… 57
12.6 Weather conditions………………..…………………………. 58
12.7 Special conditions……………………………………………… 59
13.Maintenance………………………………………………………… 60
13.1 Statutory requirements………………………………………. 60
13.2 Planned maintenance………………………………………… 60
13.3 Competence of maintenance personnel………………… 60
14. Inspection, Examination and Testing……………………… 61
15. Securing of Loads before Lifting……………………………. 62
15.1 Loads to be safely secured…………………………………. 62
15.2 Precautions to be taken before the lifting operation. 62
15.3 Methods of slinging, their application and limitations.64
15.4 Precautions to be taken in fitting the slings…………. 70
Table 1 – Recommended hand signals………………………. 71
Table 2 – Frequency of test, thorough examination and inspection of tower cranes under the LALGR.72
References
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